http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/58 2026-06-17T15:08:11Z 2026-06-17T15:08:11Z Shikuku, Victor Odhiambo Achieng, George Oindo Kowenje, Chrispin O. http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/52 2020-01-22T04:35:28Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Removal of Dyes From Wastewater by Adsorption Onto Low-Cost Adsorbents Shikuku, Victor Odhiambo; Achieng, George Oindo; Kowenje, Chrispin O. This chapter describes an up-to-date critique of the use of adsorption as a wastewater treatment technique for the removal of dyes. The topics range from the classification of dyes, their occurrence in water and toxicity, various treatment methods, and dye adsorption dynamics onto agricultural wastes and inorganic adsorbents such as clay and metal oxides and adsorption onto microbial biomass under varying operational conditions. It is demonstrated that the discussed materials form alternative adsorbents for dye adsorption from aqueous solutions with comparable or better removal efficiencies relative to the non-renewable coal-based granular activated carbons; they are cheap and abundant. The relative performance of the adsorbents under different environmental parameters for dye removal has also presented. The deductions made and alluded to from various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models are also discussed. The chapter presents the past, present, and suggestions for future considerations in search of non-conventional adsorbents for dye sequestration from aqueous solution.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Shikuku, Victor O Sylvain, Tome http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/34 2020-01-22T04:36:39Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Application of Geopolymer Composites in Wastewater Treatment: Trends, Opportunities, and Challenges Shikuku, Victor O; Sylvain, Tome Geopolymers are amorphous aluminosilicates with some varied applications. However, the use of geopolymers in water treatment is a relatively new subject. This chapter discusses developments in synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymers and their composites for removal of heavy metals and dyes from water including reduction of hardness in water. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also highlighted. The chapter demonstrates that geopolymers are low cost and environmentally benign materials for wastewater treatment and offers opportunities as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of various pollutants from water subject to further investigations.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Shikuku, Victor O Achieng', George O http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/33 2020-01-22T04:43:39Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Occurrence and Fate of Selected Heavy Metals in a Conventional Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kisumu City, Kenya: A Case Study Shikuku, Victor O; Achieng', George O The objective of this work was to investigate the occurrence and fate of five heavy metals in water, sludge, and sediments from a conventional municipal wastewater treatment facility in Kisumu City, Kenya. The effluent quality was compared with the effluent quality parameters stipulated by the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) to assess the efficiency of the plant and potential effect of the discharged effluent on the recipient river. The levels of the heavy metals recorded in the sludge samples were significantly higher than those in the corresponding water samples. The order of the metal percentage removal efficiency (%R) from the treatment plant was Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe>Zn. It is concluded that the plant is a point source for Zn loading into the recipient waters which poses potential risk to end users downstream. The heavy metal-laden sludge was within permissible limits for utilization in agricultural lands.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Shikuku, Victor Odhiambo Nyairo, Wilfrida.N Kowenje, Chrispin O http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/31 2020-01-22T04:39:47Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Preparation and Application of Biochars for Organic and Microbial Control in Wastewater Treatment Regimes Shikuku, Victor Odhiambo; Nyairo, Wilfrida.N; Kowenje, Chrispin O Biochars have been extensively applied in soil remediation, carbon sequestration, and in climate change mitigation. However, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in biochar research in water treatment due to their stupendous adsorptive properties for various contaminants. This is attributed to their large surface areas, pore structures, chemical compositions, and low capital costs involved making them suitable candidates for replacing activated carbons. This chapter discusses the preparation methods and properties of biochars and their removal efficacy for organic contaminants and microbial control. Factors affecting adsorption and the mechanisms of adsorption of organic pollutants on biochars are also concisely discussed. Biochars present environmentally benign and low-cost adsorbents for removal of both organic pollutants and microbial control for wastewater purification systems.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z